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Vacuum condensers, air-cooled,3.8.9-2/3.8.9-3Vacuum equipment, operational problems of,Vacuum operation, of reboilers,3.6.4-3Valeric acid, see Pentanoic acidValle, A,2.3.6-1/2.3.6-10Valves:Vaned bends, single-phase flow and pressure drop in,2.2.2-18Vapor blanketing, as mechanism of critical heat flux,2.7.3-27Vapor injection, effect of on boiling heat transfer in tube bundles,2.7.5-5Vapor-liquid disengagement, in kettle reboilers,3.6.2-7/3.6.2-8Vapor-liquid separation, for evaporators,3.5.4-1/3.5.4-2Vapor mixtures, condensation of,2.6.3-1/2.6.3-25Vapor pressure,5.1.3-1/5.1.3-4Vapor recompression, in evaporation,3.5.3-2Vapor suppression,3.20.4-4Vaporization, choice of evaporator type for,3.5.5-2Vaporization, heat of (see Heat of vaporization)Vaporizer, double bundle, constructional features,4.2.3-9Vaporizers, operational problems of,3.18.5-1/3.18.5-4Vapors, saturation properties of,5.5.1-1/5.5.1-98Vapors, properties of superheated,5.5.10-1/5.5.10-21Vasiliev, L,3.10.9-1/3.10.9-12Vassilicos, J C,2.14.1-1/2.14.4-6Velocity, conversion of units, xxix, xlv-lviVelocity defect law:Velocity distribution:Velocity fluctuations, in turbulent pipe flow,2.2.2-4/2.2.2-5Velocity ratio (slip ratio):Venting of condensers3.4.3-7/3.4.3-8, 3.4.5-2Vermiculite, exfoliated, for gaskets,4.12.2-2/4.12.2-3Vertical condensers:Vertical cones (see Cones, vertical)Vertical cylinders (see Cylinders; Vertical pipes; Pipes, circular)Vertical cylindrical fired heater,3.11.2-2Vertical pipes:
WXYZannular flow in,2.3.2-19/2.3.2-21boiling in,2.7.3-1/2.7.3-50bubble flow in,2.3.2-18/2.3.2-19combined free and forced convective heat transfer in,2.5.10-2/2.5.10-29condensation in,2.6.2-2/2.6.2-8condensers with condensation inside,3.4.3-1/3.4.3-3condensers with condensation outside3.4.3-6, 3.4.9-4flooding in: in gas-liquid vertical flow,2.3.2-21/2.3.2-23flow regimes in gas-liquid flow in,2.3.2-1/2.3.2-2flow regimes in liquid-liquid flow in,2.3.5-20/2.3.5-29, 2.3.5-4/2.3.5-7free convective heat transfer from outside,2.5.7-23/2.5.7-24hydraulic conveyance in,2.3.4-1/2.3.4-3plug (or slug) flow in,2.3.2-19supercritical heat transfer in2.2.10-11/2.2.10-14pneumatic conveyance in,2.3.3-1(See also Pipes, circular; Pipes, noncircular)
Vertical plates (see Vertical surfaces)Vertical surfaces:Vertical thermosiphon reboilers:Vertical tubes (see Vertical pipes)Vessels, see mechanical designVessels of non-circular cross section, design to ASME VIII code,4.3.4-19/4.3.4-21Vessels of rectangular cross section, EN13445 guidance for,4.3.3-16Vetere method, for enthalpy of vaporisation,5.1.3-6Vibrated beds, heat transfer to,2.8.3-5/2.8.3-6Vibration:Vinyl acetate:Vinyl benzene:Vinyl chloride:Virial equation:Virk equation for maximum drag reduction,2.14.2-3Visco-elastic fluids, flow of,2.2.8-15Viscometric functions (non-Newtonian flow), methods of determining,2.2.8-4Viscosity:Viscosity number (Vi),2.3.2-19Viscous dissipation, influence on heat transfer in non-Newtonian flows,2.5.12-10/2.5.12-14Viscous heat generation, in scraped sauce heat exchangers,3.24.1-7Viscous sublayer, in duct flow,2.2.2-2Void fraction,2.3.1-3Voidage, in fixed beds, definition,2.2.5-1Volt (SI unit), xxviiiVolume, conversion of units, xxix, xlv-lviVolume flow rate, unit conversion chart for, liVolumetric heat transfer coefficient,1.1.2-2Volumetric mass transfer coefficient,1.1.2-2von Karman friction factor equation for fully rough surface,2.2.2-3von Karman velocity defect law,2.2.1-30Vortex flow, in helical coils of rectangular cross section,2.5.15-3Vortex flow model, for twisted tube heat exchangers,3.23.2-1/3.23.2-4Vortex shedding:Votator, agitator,3.14.2-1