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Saddle supports, for heat exchangers,4.3.8-20/4.3.8-32Safety factors,Safety, of heat exchangers:Salicyl aldehyde:Salts, heat transfer, as heat transfer media,5.5.15-39/5.5.15-40Sand roughness, equivalent,2.2.1-29Santotherm, heat transfer media,5.5.15-51/5.5.15-54Sastri and Rao correlation for surface tension,5.1.5-3/5.1.5-4Saturated boiling:Saturated density:Saturated fluids, tables of physical properties,5.5.1-1/5.5.1-178Saturation pressure,2.7.1-1Saturation temperature,2.7.1-1Saunders, E A D4.2.1-1/4.2.6-13, 4.11.1-1Sauer, H J Jr,2.4.6-1/2.4.6-7Scale formation in heat exchangers,Scaling approximations, in nonisothermal gas radiation,2.9.7-8/2.9.7-10Scattering bed models, for radiative heat transfer from surfaces,2.9.4-8/2.9.4-9Scattering, interaction phenomena with,2.9.8-9/2.9.8-10Scattering coefficient,2.9.5-2Schack wide-band model, for gas radiation properties,2.9.5-6Schick and Prausnitz method, for critical volume of mixtures,5.2.7-4/5.2.7-5Schlunder, E U2.1.1-1/2.1.7-8, 3.13.1-1/3.13.6-1Schmidt, F W2.4.7-1/2.4.7-39, 3.15.0-1/3.15.0-5, 3.15.12-1/3.15.12-13Schmidt correlation, for heat transfer in in-line banks of high fin tubes,2.5.3-21Schmidt number,1.2.3-4Schneider, G E,2.4.8-1/2.4.8-30Schrock and Grossman correlations, for forced convective heat transfer in two-phase flow,2.7.3-8Schunk, M5.1.4-1/5.1.4-7, 5.4.1-1/5.4.4-6Schwier, K,5.5.3-1/5.5.3-5Scraped surfaces:Scaling devices, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,4.2.5-8/4.2.5-9Seawater physical properties,5.5.13-1/5.5.13-9Seider-Tate equation, for heat transfer in heat exchangers,3.3.2-2Selection of heat transfer equipment:3.6.1-8Semiconductors, thermal conductivity,5.4.3-3Separated flow model:Separation, exergy analysis for,1.9.4-1/1.9.4-2Separators, for use in association with evaporators,3.5.4-1/3.5.4-2Series solutions, for one-dimensional transient conduction,2.4.3-1/2.4.3-7Serizawa, A,2.13.5-1/2.13.5-20Serrated fins, in plate fin heat exchangers,3.9.3-1Shah correlation for boiling,2.7.3-15Shah correlation, for boiling in horizontal tubes,2.7.4-5/2.7.4-6Shape factor, in radiative heat transfer between diffuse surfaces,2.9.3-1/2.9.3-4Shear flow, of non-Newtonian fluids,2.2.8-1/2.2.8-3Shear free flow, of non-Newtonian fluids,2.2.8-3/2.2.8-6Shear rate, in fluid,2.2.8-1Shear stress:Sheffield, J W,2.4.6-1/2.4.6-7Shelf dryer,3.13.2-4Shell-and-tube heat exchanger:Shell-to-baffle clearance, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,3.3.5-13/3.3.5-14Shells, for shell-and-tube heat exchangers:Sherwood number1.2.3-2, 2.1.5-2Shipes, K V,4.4.1-1/4.4.1-7Short-tube vertical evaporator,3.5.2-3Shulman, Z P,5.3.1-1/5.3.8-3SI units (see International System of Units)Siemens (SI unit), xxviiiSieve tray columns, for direct contact heat transfer3.19.1-3, 3.19.4-1/3.19.4-3Sievert (SI unit), xxviiiSigma phase embrittlement, of stainless steels,4.5.6-9/4.5.6-10Silicate scales, in heat exchangers,3.17.6-14Silicon, amorphous, simulation of crystallisation of using molecular dynamics,2.13.7-22Silicone oils, as heat transfer media, physical properties of,5.5.15-62/5.5.15-67Silver method, for calculation of multicomponent condensation,2.6.3-5Similarity theory,2.2.1-10/2.2.1-13Simonis, V,2.5.15-1/2.5.15-9Simultaneous heat and mass transfer (see Heat and mass transfer, combined)Single-blow operation, of regenerators and thermal energy storage devices,3.15.12-1/3.15.12-13Single-phase convective heat transfer (see Convective heat transfer, single-phase)Single-phase fluid flow:Single stage flash evaporation (SSF):Singularities, two-phase gas-liquid pressure drop across,2.3.2-15/2.3.2-18Sink, in radiation:Skid-mounted units, specification of,4.9.2-6Skin friction coefficient,2.2.1-22Skrinska, A,2.5.3-1/2.5.3-30Slab:Sleeves, internal, for expansion bellows,4.10.2-2Slip ratio (see Velocity ratio)Slot:Slug flow:
TUVWXYZdrag reduction in2.14.4-3hydrodynamics,2.3.2-24/2.3.2-25in three-phase, liquid-liquid gas flows:
Slugging, in fluidized beds,2.2.6-1Smith, A A,4.8.3-1/4.8.3-3Smith, R,1.7.1-1/1.7.6-1Smith, R A3.5.1-1/3.5.8-4, 3.18.1-1/3.18.2-5, 3.18.4-1/3.18.6-3Smith, O,4.11.3-1/4.11.3-6Smoluchowski effect,2.1.1-2Snell's law, in radiation,2.9.2-9Software, for code design,4.3.9-1/4.3.9-6Solar absorber,2.9.2-15/2.9.2-16Solar reflector,2.9.2-16Soldered fins, in double pipe exchangers,3.2.5-1Solid fuels, properties of,3.11.3-3Solids circulation, in fluidized beds,2.2.6-11/2.2.6-12Solid-gas flow:Solid-liquid flow:Solidification:Solids:Solids circulation, in fluidized beds,2.2.6-11/2.2.6-12Soot blowing,3.17.8-3Sound power,3.8.9-1/3.8.9-2Sound pressure level,3.8.9-1/3.8.9-2Sound velocity:Source, in radiation:Spacers, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,4.2.5-8/4.2.5-9Spalding, D B,1.1.1-1/1.4.3-6Sparging:Specific enthalpy,1.2.1-1Specific entropy:Specific heat (see Specific heat capacity)Specific heat capacity,1.2.1-2/1.2.1-3Specific internal energy,1.2.1-1Specific volume:Specification of heat exchangers,4.9.1-1/4.9.2-10Spectral absorptivity:Spectral emissivity, in gases,2.9.5-5Specular surface,2.9.4-1Specular-walled passages, radiative heat transfer in,2.9.4-5/2.9.4-7Spheres:Spherical coordinates, for finite difference equations for conduction,2.4.7-31Spherical enclosures in porous media, heat transfer to,2.11.6-4/2.11.6-6Spherical shells:Spheroids (oblate and prolate), free convective heat transfer from,2.5.7-25Spine fins:Spiral heat exchanger:Spirally fluted tubes:Sponge rubber balls, in fouling mitigation,3.17.8-1/3.17.8-2Spray columns, for direct contact heat transfer3.19.1-2, 3.19.3-1/3.19.3-4Spray condensers,3.20.1-2Spray dryers,3.13.7-2/3.13.7-3Sprays, in heat exchangers,1.1.4-2Square ducts:SSF, (see Single stage flash evaporation)Stable equilibrium, of vapor and liquid,2.7.1-1Staggered tube banks:Stagnant packed beds (see Fixed beds)Stainless steels,4.5.6-1/4.5.6-14Stanton number1.2.3-1, 2.2.1-13Startup:State diagram, for fluidized beds,2.2.6-2Static quality (see Quality)Static mixers, in heat exchangers,3.21.1-3/3.21.1-5Statically stable foams,2.12.1-1Steam, dropwise condensation of,2.6.5-4/2.6.5-8Steam drums:Steam tables,5.5.3-1/5.5.3-31Steam turbine exhaust condensers,3.4.3-6/3.4.3-8Steels, as material of construction,4.5.2-2/4.5.2-4Stefan-Boltzmann constant,2.9.1-3Stefan's law, for blackbody radiation,2.9.1-3Stegmaier, W,2.3.3-1/2.3.3-10Steiner and Taborek correlation, for forced convective boiling,2.7.3-13/2.7.3-14Stephan and Korner correlation, for boiling of binary mixtures,2.7.7-2Stephan-Maxwell equations for diffusion,2.1.5-1Stiffeners, PD5500 code guidelines for,4.3.2-7Stiffeners, against external pressure, EN13445 guidance on,4.3.3-6/4.3.3-7Stirred beds, heat transfer to,2.8.3-5/2.8.3-6Stirred reactor model, for furnaces,3.11.4-1/3.11.4-6Stirred tanks (see Agitated vessels)Stone's strongly implicit method,Straight fins (longitudinal fins):Stratification, in gas-liquid flow (see Stratified flow)Stratified gas-liquid flow:Stratified liquid-liquid-gas flow:Steam analysis methods, for shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers,3.3.2-3/3.3.2-6Stress analysis, finite element methods for,4.1.9-1/4.1.9-8Stress, compressive, in heat exchanger tubes,4.3.3-12Stress corrosion cracking, of stainless steels,4.5.6-13/4.5.6-14Stress equation models, for turbulent boundary layers,2.2.1-29Stress-strain curve, for solids,5.4.5-2/5.4.5-3Stress tensor:Stresses:Strip baffles, in tube bundles with longitudinal flow,3.3.12-5/3.3.12-16Strouhal number,2.2.3-3Styrene (see Vinylbenzene)Subchannel analysis, for critical heat flux in rod bundles,2.7.3-21Subcooled boiling:Subcooling:Sublayer, viscous,2.2.2-1Submerged combustion,2.10.4-1/2.10.4-30Successive over-under relaxation method for solution of implicit equations,2.4.7-19/2.4.7-22Suction:Suction line exchangers in refrigeration,3.26.6-1/3.26.6-5Sudden contractions (see Contraction)Sudden enlargement (see Enlargement)Sulfur:Sulfur compounds (organic):Sulfur dioxide:Sulfur hexafluoride:Sulfur trioxide:Supercritical fluids:Superficial velocity, in multiphase flow,2.3.1-4Superheated gases:Superheated liquid, in metastable state,2.7.1-1Superheated vapor, condensation of, on vertical surface,2.6.2-3Superheaters, for waste heat boilers,3.16.2-12/3.16.2-13Superposition models, for regenerators and thermal energy storage devices,3.15.12-9/3.15.12-11Supersaturation, as cause of fogging in condensers:Supports, for heat exchangers (see Saddle supports; Bracket supports)Suppression of nucleate boiling,2.7.3-11/2.7.3-12Surface catalysis, in augmentation of heat transfer,2.5.11-7Surface condensers,3.4.3-6/3.4.3-8Surface finish:Surface, hydraulically smooth,2.2.2-1Surface material, effect on fouling,3.17.3-4Surface models, in radiative heat transfer,2.9.4-7/2.9.4-9Surface modification for drag reduction,2.14.1-2/2.14.1-3Surface preparation, for painting and coating,4.15.5-4Surface roughness (see Roughness, surface)Surface temperature, effect on fouling,3.17.3-4Surface tension:Surfactants, in drag reduction,2.14.1-2, 2.14.3-1/2.14.3-5Suspension, radiation interaction phenomena in,2.9.8-16Sutherland formula, for viscosity variation with temperature,2.2.1-11Sutterby fluid (non-Newtonian), free convective heat transfer to,2.5.7-11Swirling flow, in augmentation of heat transfer,2.5.11-4/2.5.11-5Symbols, list of, xxxviiixxxixSymbols, mathematical, xlixliiSymmetric regenerators,3.15.6-2Synthetic heat transfer media,5.5.15-44/5.5.15-55Synthetic mixture heat transfer media,5.5.15-56/5.5.15-63characteristics of,2.3.6-2/2.3.6-3pressure drop in,2.3.6-8slug frequencies in,2.3.6-7/2.3.6-8transition from stratified to,2.3.6-1/2.3.6-2
mechanism of critical heat flux in,2.7.3-22regions of occurrence of, in gas-liquid flow in horizontal tubes,2.3.2-1/2.3.2-5